Autism vs Down Syndrome: Your Questions (Answered)
About one out of every 36 children has some form of autism. In other words, it’s an incredibly common condition. Many people with autism never even get a diagnosis.
About one in 700 babies has Down syndrome, so it’s far less common. It is still the most common chromosomal condition in the United States, however.
But when it comes to autism vs Down syndrome, how different are they really? Many people who have never known someone with either of these conditions may think they’re similar.
We’re here to talk about some of the most notable differences between autism and Down syndrome by explaining each condition. Read on to learn more.
Cause
Many parents wonder what causes conditions like autism and Down syndrome. They also often wonder if there’s anything they can do to prevent these conditions before conception or during pregnancy.
The exact causes of these conditions are unclear, and it’s possible that we’ll have more information in the future about risk factors. Until then, however, here are a few things that may contribute to the development of autism or Down syndrome.
Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often just shorted to “autism,” is primarily a neurodevelopmental disorder with no single known cause. There are many theories about what may or may not cause autism, but there’s little evidence to support those theories.
Doctors and researchers believe that autism results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is a heritable condition, but environmental factors may change how the genetics “play out,” so to speak. People who have parents or siblings with autism are more likely to have autism themselves.
Down Syndrome
Down syndrome, which is also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder. It’s caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra chromosome affects the development of the body and brain.
An error in cell division triggers the development of the extra chromosome.
At the moment, there isn’t substantial research to support the idea of any environmental or behavioral factors during pregnancy causing this condition. It is possible to test for the condition during pregnancy.
Characteristics
Too many people think that autism and Down syndrome are similar conditions. While some symptoms may seem similar (depending on what “level” of autism someone is experiencing), these two conditions are incredibly different.
Let’s break down some of the specific characteristics, health issues, and behavioral challenges of both autism and Down syndrome.
Autism
It’s important to note that autism is different for everyone. It’s a spectrum, and not everyone will experience the same symptoms. Some people with autism experience life almost like neurotypical people do, while others have significant challenges and delays.
The characteristics we talk about here are general. This is not a conclusive list.
Autism is characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as specific repetitive patterns of behavior. People with autism often have intense passions for specific interests or activities.
They may experience challenges with social skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and sensory processing. Sensory sensitivities to light, sound, and touch are incredibly common among people with autism.
Down Syndrome
Down syndrome, on the other hand, is characterized by physical features such as distinctive facial characteristics, low muscle tone, and short stature. Autism does not have any consistent physical signs.
People with Down syndrome may also experience intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and medical issues. Medical issues, in this case, include things like heart defects, gastrointestinal problems, and vision or hearing issues.
People with Down syndrome may also experience behavioral challenges like noncompliance, compulsions, and social withdrawal.
Diagnosis and Symptom Management
Let’s talk about early detection and diagnosis for autism and Down syndrome. It looks quite different between these two conditions, but what differences are there?
After diagnosis, how can you manage these conditions?
Again, this will vary. Your experience may not match our research. Working with your child’s pediatrician is the first step when it comes to diagnosis and symptom management.
Autism
Autism is diagnosed based on behavioral observations and developmental history. While it’s ideal to get a diagnosis in childhood, many people don’t receive one until well into adulthood.
Treatment for autism often involves a combination of behavioral therapies, educational interventions, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training as long as early intervention is possible. With the proper support, children with autism can thrive even if they aren’t on the “milder” end of the autism spectrum.
Individualized treatment plans address the specific needs and strengths of each person with autism. Again, no two people with autism are alike. They all need different types of support.
Down Syndrome
Down syndrome is typically diagnosed at birth. Because physical symptoms tend to be obvious, doctors can spot them right away and then confirm with genetic testing. It would be unlikely for someone to make it past toddlerhood without a diagnosis.
People with Down syndrome may experience cognitive and developmental delays, but they can often learn and develop skills with support and interventions. Early intervention programs, educational support, and medical care can help children with Down syndrome reach their full potential. People with Down syndrome often need some type of support for the duration of their lives.
Treatment focuses on addressing medical issues, providing educational support and therapies to promote development, and offering social and emotional support to both people with Down syndrome and their families.
Medical care may involve monitoring for and managing potential health concerns related to the condition.
Autism vs Down Syndrome: Two Very Different Conditions
These are just some of the differences between autism vs Down syndrome. These conditions aren’t at all alike. What they have in common, however, is a high need for support.
Do you suspect that your child has autism? At Developmental Pediatrics, we offer both telemedicine and in-person services for Texas children. We’d love to meet your child and start the process.
To learn more about what we can do for you and your young one, please reach out. Our team will be happy to answer your questions.
